Chase the maddening phantom of velocity and learn the nitty gritty of measuring recoil.

This article was originally published in Shotgun Sports in July 2002.

Section 1 (116 Kb PDF FILE)

• Introduction
• Chronograph Types
• Testing Chronographs
• Interpreting Results
• Summary

Section 2 (43 Kb PDF FILE)

• Speeds of Factory Shells
• Errors
• Choke and Barrel Effects
• Summary

Section 3 (55 Kb PDF FILE)

• Shell Pressure
• Pressure and Velocity
• Summary

Section 4 (50 Kb PDF FILE)

• Measuring Recoil
• Shell Pressure, Shot Speed, and Recoil
• Summary

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